Colossi of Memnon - hu nkauj saum Egypt
Lub Colossi ntawm Memnon yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tsis pom kev ntawm cov neeg Iyiv, uas tau muaj npe nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub vim nws muaj peev xwm "hu nkauj".
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lub Colossi ntawm Memnon lossis el-Colossat hauv tebchaws Iziv yog ob lub cim loj ntawm Falaus Amenhotep III, khov hauv pob zeb, uas nws hnub nyoog ncav 3400 xyoo. Lawv nyob ze ntawm Hav Vaj Ntxwv hauv Luxor thiab ze rau ntawm ntug dej Nile.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, Colossi tau siv los ua ib hom kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub tuam tsev Amenhotep, uas tam sim no raug rhuav tshem. Cov nuj nqis ntawm pharaohs zaum tig xub ntiag rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Nile thiab saib lub hnub tuaj, uas hais txog lawv lub ntsiab lus piv txwv.
Mus cuag cov nuj nqis ntawm Memnon yog qhov yooj yim heev - lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog qub ntawm Luxor, thiab pom tau los ntawm qhov deb. Feem ntau, kev tawm mus xyuas yog npaj rau mus xyuas cov chaw no, tab sis yog tias ua tau, tuaj ntawm koj tus kheej - txoj kev no koj yuav tsis tsuas yog zoo siab lub zog ntawm qhov chaw no, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem mus nyob ib puag ncig cov duab puab ntev dua.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe
Hauv Arabic, lub npe ntawm qhov ua suab nrov zoo li "el-Colossat" lossis "es-Salamat". Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov neeg nyob rau tim lyiv teb chaws tseem hu qhov chaw no txoj kev ntawd, tab sis ib tus neeg txawv teb chaws paub nws zoo li duab puab ntawm Memnon ua tsaug rau cov neeg Greek - thaum lawv tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab nug cov neeg hauv zos txog cov npe ntawm cov mlom loj no, cov neeg Iyiv tau hais lo lus "mennu", uas tau siv los sau cov mlom ntawm txhua tus huab tais zaum ...
Cov neeg Greek, nkag siab yuam kev ntawm lub ntsiab lus, tau pib koom nrog Colossi nrog Memnon, ib tus neeg muaj koob npe nyob hauv Trojan Tsov Rog. Nws yog nyob hauv lub npe no uas peb paub txog cov kev pom no niaj hnub no.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm
Colossi of Memnon hauv tebchaws Iziv tau tsim puag ncig xyoo 16th BC. e., thiab rau yuav luag 3000 xyoo yog nyob hauv Thebes, nyob rau ob peb km ntawm Luxor.
Qhov chaw uas Colossi ntawm Memnon tseem nyob yog tseem nyob rau hauv kev zais ntshis hnub no. Cov neeg taug keeb kwm ntseeg tias cov pob zeb zeb tau txhim tsa ntawm no ua tus ceev xwm - lawv sawv ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iziv, lub tuam tsev loj ntawm Amenhotep. Hmoov tsis zoo, yuav luag tsis muaj ib yam tseem tshuav ntawm lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj no, tab sis Colossi muaj txoj sia nyob.
Tau kawg, vim huab cua tsis zoo (dej nyab tsis tu ncua maj mam yaig lub hauv paus ntawm lub pob zeb zeb), Colossi kuj tseem maj mam tsaus muag, tab sis cov neeg txum tim rov qab ntseeg tau tias lawv yuav tuaj yeem sawv ntau dua li ib puas xyoo.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tus pej thuam yav qab teb yog Amenhotep III nws tus kheej, thaum nws txhais taw nws tus poj niam thiab tus menyuam tabtom zaum. Ntawm sab xis yog tus vajtswv Hapi - cov neeg saib xyuas cov neeg ntawm Nile. Tus pej thuam sab qaum teb yog daim duab ntawm Amenhotep III thiab nws niam, Poj huab tais Mutemvia.
Ntawm ib daim ntawv: nyeem txog Hav ntawm Vaj Ntxwv hauv Luxor hauv kab lus no.
Hu nkauj tus pej thuam
Hauv 27 BC. e. ib feem me me ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab sab qaum teb lub mlom ntawm Khaulauxi tau raug rhuav tshem. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pom, qhov no tau tshwm sim vim muaj av qeeg loj. Tus naj npawb ntawm tus vaj ntxwv sib cais, thiab txij lub sijhawm ntawd tau pib "hu nkauj". Txhua hnub thaum kaj ntug, lub suab nrov nrov tau hnov los ntawm lub pob zeb, vim li cas uas cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau xam lub zog. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yuav hloov kho yog qhov hloov pauv hauv huab cua sov, vim qhov dej noo no evaporates sab hauv tus pej thuam.
Nws yog qhov tawm tias txhua tus neeg tau hnov qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej hauv cov suab no. Ntau tus neeg hais tias nws zoo li yog txoj nkauj lyre tau tawg, lwm tus pom nws zoo ib yam li lub suab nthwv dej, thiab tseem muaj lwm tus hnov lub suab xuav.
Qhov kev xav tau, cov neeg nyob tim Nkij teb chaws, ntseeg tias cov mlom muaj npe tom qab lawv cov tub rog, tau sawv los nrog lwm zaj dab neeg. Lawv ntseeg tias cov suab uas nrov los ntawm cov pob zeb yog lub kua muag ntawm leej niam uas tau ploj nws tus tub hauv kev tsov rog.
Kev ua yeeb yam hu nkauj tau nrov npe heev hauv thaj av puag thaum ub, thiab ntau tus neeg sau keeb kwm thiab huab tais ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd paub txog cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb. Yog li, hauv 19 A.D. cov chaw no tau ntsib los ntawm Germanicus, uas yog Roman thawj coj tub rog thiab ua kasmoos. Qhov ntau tshaj li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog qhov tseeb tias lub suab tawm los ntawm tus pej thuam tau pom zoo raws li kev siv, thiab txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tig lawv cov twj paj nruag, tsom rau qhov uas nplawm ntawm pob zeb.
Hmoov tsis zoo, lub pob zeb tau nyob ntsiag to rau 1700 xyoo. Tej zaum, qhov no tau tshwm sim vim yog Roman tus huab tais Septemy Severus, uas tau kom rov tso txhua qhov ntawm cov duab puab ua ke. Tom qab no tsis muaj leej twg hnov dua “hu nkauj”.
Nthuav Qhov Tseeb
- Qhov zoo siab, koj tuaj yeem mus ntsib cov mlom ua tiav pub dawb - qhov kev xav tau yog nrov heev, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm tsis tau ua cov nkag nkag. Rau qhov pom tseeb, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem mus ze rau Colossi - lawv nyob puag ncig ntawm lub laj kab qis, thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tau saib zoo nrog cov neeg tuaj ncig.
- Cov neeg ncig ua haujlwm tau paub qhia ua ntej taug kev los nyeem qee qhov tseeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Egypt (lossis, tsawg kawg, qhov chaw no) lossis nqa ib daim ntawv qhia hauv zos nrog koj, vim tias tsis muaj kev piav qhia, cov no yuav yog cov duab puab dog dig nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog tuag.
- Txawm hais tias lub tuam tsev hauv nruab nrab raug rhuav tshem, nws tseem tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas tau - cov neeg saib xyuas Iyiv tau ua ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub tsev cia puav pheej, tau teeb tsa cov plaques thoob plaws qhov chaw uas muaj cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov tsos ntawm txhua lub tsev.
- Raws li cov neeg sau keeb kwm, Colossi tau siv yam tsawg kawg 30 metres siab, thiab tam sim no lawv ntog mus txog 18. Tab sis lawv qhov hnyav tseem nyob li qub - txog 700 tons txhua.
- Qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws, cov mlom ntawm Memnon tau ua tiav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub, txij li cov khoom qub tsis tau pom - feem ntau, lawv tau rhuav tshem los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos rau kev tawm rooj.
Lub Colossi ntawm Memnon yog ib lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Iziv, qhov kev txaus siab uas tsis tau ploj mus los ntawm cov tuam tsev Luxor lossis Karnak uas nyob ze.
Colossi ntawm Memnon los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus neeg ncig tebchaws: