Hagia Sophia: keeb kwm tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv Istanbul

Tus Hagia Sophia yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub keeb kwm uas tau tswj hwm kom txog thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua 21st thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis plam nws cov qub pog thiab zog, uas nyuaj piav qhia. Thaum lub tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Byzantium, tom qab ntawd hloov mus ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub tsev stanbulstanbul. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov nyuaj hauv lub ntiaj teb qhov twg, txog thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020, ob qho kev ntseeg cuam tshuam ib zaug - Islam thiab Christianity.

Lub tsev teev ntuj feem ntau hu ua yim qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw mus xyuas tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub nroog. Cov monument yog qhov txiaj ntsig keeb kwm, yog li nws tau muab sau rau hauv daim ntawv teev keeb kwm UNESCO. Yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj Christian Christian mosaics coexist nrog Arabic tsab ntawv? Zaj dab neeg zoo kawg ntawm Hagia Sophia Mosque (yav tas los yog Cathedral) hauv Istanbul yuav qhia peb txog qhov no.

Dab neeg luv luv

Nws tau siv qee lub sijhawm los tsim tsa lub tsev teev ntuj grandiose ntawm St. Sophia thiab muab nws tsis tiav rau hauv lub sijhawm. Thawj ob lub tsev teev ntuj, tsa rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub thaj neeb niaj hnub, sawv tsuas yog ob peb xyoo lawm, thiab ob lub tsev raug puas los ntawm hluav taws kub loj. Qhov thib peb lub tsev teev ntuj tau pib tsim kho thaum xyoo pua 6 nyob rau lub sijhawm tus kav ntawm Byzantine huab tais Justinian I. Ntau tshaj 10 txhiab tus neeg tau koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv, uas ua rau nws ua tau lub tuam tsev ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nyob hauv tsuas yog tsib xyoos. Hagia Sophia nyob rau hauv Constantinople tau ib txhiab xyoo tseem nyob hauv pawg ntseeg tseem ceeb hauv thaj tsam Byzantine.

Xyoo 1453, Sultan Mehmed tus Conqueror tau tawm tsam lub nroog Byzantium thiab tau yuam nws, tab sis tsis tau rhuav tshem lub tsev teev ntuj loj. Tus kav tebchaws Ottoman tau zoo siab dhau los ntawm qhov zoo nkauj thiab ntsuas ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm basilica uas nws txiav txim siab hloov nws mus rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Yog li, minarets tau ntxiv rau lub koom txoos qub, nws tau hloov npe hu ua Aya Sofya thiab rau 500 xyoo tau ua haujlwm ua lub nroog tseem ceeb lub nroog rau cov neeg Ottomans. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tom qab ntawd, Ottoman cov kws ua yeeb yam tau coj Hagia Sophia ua piv txwv thaum txhim kho cov tuam tsev Islamic npe xws li Suleymaniye thiab xiav Mosque hauv Istanbul. Yog xav paub cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm tom kawg, saib nplooj ntawv no.

Tom qab kev sib faib ntawm Ottoman Empire thiab los ua lub zog ntawm Ataturk, kev ua haujlwm pib ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Christian mosaics thiab frescoes hauv Hagia Sophia, thiab xyoo 1934 nws tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab monument ntawm Byzantine architecture, uas dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob txoj kev ntseeg zoo. Tau ob xyoo dhau los, ntau lub koomhaum ywj pheej hauv tebchaws Turkey cuam tshuam nrog cov keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam cov teeb meem tau rov foob dua kom rov qab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tsev teev dab qhuas rov rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Mus txog Lub Xya Hli 2020, nws tau raug txwv tsis pub tuav cov kev pabcuam Muslim nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub chaw, thiab ntau tus neeg ntseeg pom hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no cuam tshuam rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, 2020, cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm tuav cov lus thov rau cov neeg Muslim. Tib hnub ntawd, tom qab tsab ntawv txiav txim ntawm Turkish Thawj Tswj Hwm Erdogan, Aya Sofya los ua lub tsev teev ntuj.
Nyeem kuj: Suleymaniye Mosque yog lub tuam tsev Islamic npe hauv Istanbul.

Kho kom zoo nkauj tha xim vaj tsev thiab sab hauv

Lub Hagia Sophia Mosque (Cathedral) hauv Qaib Cov Txwv yog qhov sib dhos ntawm cov ntoo loj nrog cov duab peb sab, mus rau sab hnub poob uas muaj ob lub tsho khuam. Qhov ntev ntawm lub tuam tsev yog 100 meters, qhov dav yog 69,5 meters, qhov siab ntawm lub dome yog 55.6 meters, thiab nws cov taub yog 31 meters. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho lub tsev yog pob zeb ci, tab sis cov av nplaum hnyav thiab av xuab zeb kuj tau siv. Nyob rau sab hauv ntej ntawm lub faadeade ntawm Hagia Sophia, muaj lub tshav puam nrog lub qhov dej txhawv hauv nruab nrab. Thiab cuaj lub qhov rooj ua rau lub tsev cia puav pheej: hauv cov hnub qub, tsuas yog tus huab tais nws tus kheej tuaj yeem siv hauv nruab nrab.

Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj los ntawm sab nraud, qhov tseeb ntawm kev txua vaj tse yog muaj nyob hauv nws cov kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Tus da dej basilica nrog muaj ob chav saib khoom (sab saud thiab qis dua), ua ntawm marble, tshwj xeeb yog tuaj rau Istanbul los ntawm Rome. Qhov qis qis dua yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 104 kab, thiab qib saud - 64. Nws yuav luag tsis pom qhov chaw hauv lub tsev teev ntuj uas yuav tsis tau dai kom zoo nkauj. Lub sab hauv muaj ntau cov ntawv tha xim, mosaics, nyiaj thiab kub npog, suav ntog thiab kaus ntxhw. Muaj cov lus dab neeg thaum xub thawj Justinian npaj los kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev nkaus ntawm kub, tab sis cov soothsayers dissuaded nws, twv ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawm cov neeg txom nyem thiab siab hlob emperors uas yuav tsis muaj ib txoj kab ntawm cov qauv zoo li no.

Lub Byzantine mosaics thiab frescoes yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Lawv tau khaws cia zoo heev, feem ntau vim yog qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Ottomans uas tuaj rau Constantinople tsuas tau plastered cov Christian cov duab, yog li tiv thaiv lawv qhov kev rhuav tshem. Nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Turkish cov neeg kov yeej hauv cov peev, sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev tau ntxiv nrog cov mihrab (cov neeg Muslim ntawm lub thaj), sultan lub thawv thiab marble minbar (lub sam thiaj hauv lub tsev me). Kuj ib txwm muaj rau cov ntseeg tswm ciab sab laug sab hauv, uas tau hloov los ntawm chandeliers los ntawm cov cim teeb.

Hauv cov qauv qub, Aya Sofya hauv Istanbul tau taws teeb los ntawm 214 qhov rais, tab sis dhau sijhawm, vim muaj cov tsev ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub thaj neeb, tsuas yog 181 ntawm lawv tseem nyob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 361 lub qhov rooj hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, ib puas ntawm cov uas muaj ntau lub cim. Muaj lus xaiv tau nws tias txhua zaus lawv suav, lub qhov rooj tshiab tsis tau pom dua ua ntej. Hauv qab av ntawm lub tsev, cov kab ke hla hauv av tau pom, muaj dej nyab nrog av. Thaum lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tunnels, cov kws tshawb fawb pom ib txoj cai tsis pub leejtwg paub los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj mus rau lwm tus nto moo ntawm Istanbul - Topkapi Palace. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov tib neeg seem kuj tau pom ntawm no.

Qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej yog nplua nuj heev uas nws yuav luag tsis tas yuav piav qhia luv luv, thiab tsis yog ib daim duab ntawm Hagia Sophia hauv Istanbul tuaj yeem coj kev tshav ntuj, huab cua thiab lub zog uas tau txais nyob hauv qhov chaw no. Yog li ntawd, nco ntsoov mus ntsib nws cov cim keeb kwm txawv thiab pom rau koj tus kheej nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog ntawd

Lub tsev Hagia Sophia nyob rau Sultanahmet Square, hauv lub nroog qub nroog ntawm Istanbul hu ua Fatih. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Tshav Dav Hlau Ataturk mus rau kev nyiam yog 20 km. Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav mus xyuas lub tuam tsev tam sim thaum tuaj txog hauv nroog, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov chaw los ntawm kev tsheb tavxij lossis kev thauj mus los ntawm pej xeem, sawv cev los ntawm cov nroog metro thiab tsheb ciav hlau.

Koj tuaj yeem mus txog hauv metro ncaj qha los ntawm lub tsev tshav dav hlau, ua raws cov cim taw qhia. Koj yuav tsum tau coj txoj kab M1 thiab tawm ntawm Zeytinburnu chaw nres tsheb. Tus nqi yuav yog 2.6 tl. Tom qab tawm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, koj yuav tau taug kev me ntsis ntau dua li ib mais nyob rau sab hnub tuaj raws txoj kev Seyit Nizam Street, qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau nres ntawm T 1 Kabataş - Bağcılar txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau nyob (nqe ib ntu 1.95 tl). Koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Sultanahmet, thiab hauv 300 m xwb koj yuav pom koj tus kheej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Yog tias koj tab tom mus rau lub tuam tsev tsis yog los ntawm tshav dav hlau, tab sis los ntawm qee qhov taw tes hauv lub nroog, tom qab ntawd qhov no koj kuj yuav tsum tau nce rau ntawm txoj kab T 1 kab tsheb ciav hlau thiab disembark ntawm qhov chaw nres Sultanahmet.

Ntawm ib daim ntawv: Hauv cheeb tsam twg ntawm Istanbul nws zoo dua rau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws mus sib hais hauv ob peb hnub.

Sib Piv Cov Nqi Sib Tw Uas Siv Daim Ntawv no

Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau

• Qhov chaw nyob tseeb: Sultanahmet Meydanı, Fatih, İstanbul, Türkiye.
• Tus nqi nkag: pub dawb.
• Cov sijhawm thov kev thov tuaj yeem nrhiav pom ntawm lub vev xaib: namazvakitleri.diyanet.gov.tr.

Cov Lus Qhia Uas Siv Tau

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj yuav mus saib Hagia Sophia hauv Istanbul, nco ntsoov them sai sai rau cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig uas twb tau tuaj saib ntawm no. Peb, nyeg, tau kawm txog kev xyuas ntawm cov neeg taug kev, tau sau peb cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:

1. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau mus rau qhov kev txaus siab los ntawm 08: 00-08: 30 thaum sawv ntxov. Tom qab 09:00, muaj kab ntev nyob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab sawv hauv qhov chaw qhib cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, yog qhov heev sab heev.
2. Yog tias, ntxiv rau Hagia Sophia, koj npaj siab yuav mus xyuas lwm qhov chaw hauv Istanbul uas muaj qhov nkag nkag, tom qab ntawd peb qhia koj kom yuav daim npav tshwj xeeb hauv tsev ntawv tsuas yog nyob hauv nroog loj. Nws raug nqi yog 125 tl. Daim pib hla no tsis yog tsuas yog txuag koj xwb, tab sis kuj yuav zam kev ua ntev nyob ntawm kev sau nyiaj.
3. Hle koj nkawm khau ua ntej nqis rau ntawm daim ntaub pua plag.
4. Zam tsis txhob mus xyuas lub tsev teev hawm thaum lub caij thov Vajtswv (5 zaug nyob rau ib hnub), tshwj xeeb thaum tav su rau hnub Friday.
5. Cov poj niam raug tso cai nkag hauv Hagia Sophia tsuas yog hnav taub hau xwb. Lawv tuaj yeem tau qiv dawb dawb ntawm qhov nkag.
6. Koj tuaj yeem nqa daim duab ntawm sab hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob thaij duab ntawm cov neeg pe hawm.

7. Nco ntsoov nqa dej nrog koj. Lub sijhawm sov hauv Istanbul thaum lub hli sov, yog li koj tsuas ua tsis tau yam uas tsis muaj kua. Dej tuaj yeem tau yuav ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cathedral, tab sis nws yuav raug nqi ntau zaus ntxiv.
8. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tau mus saib lub tsev khaws puav pheej pom zoo kom tsis pub ntev dua ob teev rau ncig xyuas Hagia Sophia.
9. Peb pom zoo kom koj ntiav cov lus qhia ua kom koj mus ntsib lub tsev teev ntuj kom tiav raws li muaj peev xwm ua tau. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav phau ntawv qhia uas hais lus Lavxias sab xis ntawm kev nkag. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj nws tus nqi, tab sis hauv qaib ntxhw koj tuaj yeem pheej sib cav.
10. Yog tias koj tsis xav siv nyiaj nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia, tom qab ntawv tau txais cov lus qhia audio, thiab yog tias qhov kev xaiv no tsis haum rau koj, ces ua ntej mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj, saib zaj yeeb yaj kiab kom ntxaws txog Hagia Sophia los ntawm National Geographic.
11. Qee cov neeg taug kev tawm tsam tawm tsam mus xyuas lub tuam tsev thaum yav tsaus ntuj, vim tias, raws li lawv, tsuas yog nruab hnub xwb koj tuaj yeem pom txhua yam ntawm lub tsev sab hauv.

Tsim Tawm

Hagia Sophia yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov yuav tsum pom-txaus nyiam hauv Istanbul. Thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus pom zoo los ntawm peb tsab xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov kev taug kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau txais ntau tshaj tawm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Saib cov video: WHY IVE MOVED TO ISTANBUL! u0026 Inside Hagia Sophia u0026 Suleymaniye Mosque! (Cuaj Hlis 2024).