Tshawb nrhiav pelargonium thiab geranium sib txawv li cas? Yuav ua li cas hom thiab ntau yam muaj?
Ntau cov neeg cog ntoo hauv tsev tseem niaj hnub xav yuam kev hu rau ib tsob tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj cov loj thiab ci qhov muag tsis pom kev geraniums. Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm cov paj no yog Pelargonium. Rov qab rau 17th caug xyoo, Dutch tus kws tshawb fawb Johannes Burman tso cov kev xav tias geraniums thiab pelargoniums tsis yog cov nroj tsuag zoo, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias lawv cov tsos zoo ib yam.
Lawv lub ntsiab zoo sib xws yog lawv tau los ntawm tib tsev neeg - geraniums. Lawv tsev neeg suav nrog 5 genera ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ntau dua 800 hom. Pelargonium yog qhov ntau, muaj suab npe thiab nrov. Peb yuav saib vim li cas cov npe tsis meej pem tau sawv thiab qhov twg geranium thiab pelargonium los ntawm hauv peb cov tsev.
Geranium yog dab tsi?
PIV TXWV! Lub npe geranium muaj Greek cov hauv paus hniav, Geranium (crane), thiab yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav ntawm tsob ntoo muaj qhov zoo sib xws rau lub taub hau thiab qhib lub kaus ncauj ntawm lub crane. Thaum siav, cov noob tshuaj ntsiav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhib hauv qhov tsis sib txawv, faib tawm raws qhov ntev.
Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, geraniums yog hu ua Storchschnäbe (stork qhov ntswg), hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, Cranesbil (crane). Cov ntoo no tau dav thoob plaws txhua thaj chaw hauv Tebchaws Europe, Russia thiab Caucasus. Geranium tau muaj npe hauv tebchaws txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, nyob rau hauv Russia nws tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab ntawd cov nroj tsuag tau ri thoob plaws thaum kev txhim kho Caucasus thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Propagated los ntawm cov noob thiab vegetatively (varietal geraniums). Muaj herbaceous thiab semi-shrub hom. Cov av yog preferable xoob, zoo-drained. Nws loj hlob hauv acidic, me ntsis acidic thiab nruab nrab xau. Raws li txoj cai, geraniums yog ntxoov ntxoo-tiv taus thiab te-tiv taus, yoog zoo rau thaj chaw mos ntawm qhov thiab loj hlob zoo hauv kev qhib hauv av.
Peduncles nrog 1-3 paj, loj thiab zoo nkauj. Lub paj tau qhib tag nrho hauv dav hlau nrog 5 tusyees faib tej nplaim paj. Cov nplaim paj yog qhov zoo ib yam, yuav luag puag ncig. Muaj 10 stamens, txhua qhov tsim, nrog anthers. Cov xim dawb, daj, liab, liab doog, xiav thiab violet hauv kev sib txawv.
Txuj ci ntau yam:
- zog;
- Oxford;
- Georgian.
Nplooj ntawm petioles nyob rau hauv ntau hom yog mos-plaub hau.
Hauv qhov no, kev cais tawm ntawm geranium nplooj:
- Ntiv tes.
- Ntiv tes-lobed.
- Ua lub voj voog nrog 3-5 daim ntawv me me (tsis tshua muaj).
Txhua leej txhua tus paub txog geranium, txawm tias yog tus muag muag paj tshab. Thiab tsis tshua muaj, leej twg yuav tsis kam lees kev zoo nkauj li ntawd rau ntawm lawv cov windowsill lossis hauv vaj. Nws muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb thiab tshuaj muaj zog thiab yog tsis heev capricious nyob rau hauv nws cov sau qoob thiab kev saib xyuas. Tab sis ua ntej pib cog rau lossis cog qoob loo geraniums, koj yuav tsum kawm zoo tag nrho cov subtleties thiab nuances ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau nws kom zoo siab rau koj ntev ntev nrog nws lub ci thiab tawg pom, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig txog cov kab mob nroj tsuag thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev tshem lawv.
Pelargonium yog dab tsi?
Los ntawm Greek Pelargos (stork), nws kuj tau nws lub npe los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav. Tsis xav tau geranium thiab pelargonium los ntawm tib tsev neeg geranium. Tsis zoo li geraniums, pelargonium yog ib txwm nyob rau huab cua kub ntawm South Africa. Nws yog ib lub teeb uas muaj kev hlub thiab muaj kev phom sij. Nws raug nquahu kom muab nws qhov chaw ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv chav tsev, lub qhov rais ntawm uas tig mus rau sab qab teb, qab teb kawg.
Siv! Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, paj tuaj yeem siv los kho lub sam thiaj, veranda, lub qhov rai sills, lub thawv paj. Nws blooms los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau Kaum ib hlis, propagates los ntawm cov noob thiab txiav. Nws tsis txaug nraum zoov. Nplooj yoojyim, ntiv tes zoo li ntiv tes lossis ntiv tes-txiav tawm.
Paj yog sau nyob rau hauv ob peb lossis ntau-flowered umbellate inflorescences. Lawv muab faib ua hav txwv yeem (lush, qis) thiab ampelous (nqaim zoo li lub hmab, ivy-tawm nrog tua ntev). Pelargoniums yog nrog ci lus ci inflorescences thiab muaj ntxhiab, nrog nplooj nplooj ntxhiab.
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws Bush pelargoniums:
- Zonal (ciam teb raws ntug qhov paj).
- Royal (paj loj).
Zonal yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws (75 txhiab ntau yam) thiab tau faib ua:
rosaceous;
- tulip-puab;
- carnation;
- stellated;
- cactus;
- dis kas.
Qhov feem ntau txawv txawv ntawm pelargonium yog succulent. Lawv tau muab faib ua:
- Angular pelargonium.
- Humpbacked.
- Tuab-qia.
- Phuam yaj.
- Nqaij.
- Ib qho ntxiv.
- Cortex-tawm.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
Ob lub genera no feem ntau tsis meej pem thiab hu yuam kev hu ua geranium, uas yog cov nroj tsuag uas muaj ntxhiab tshaj plaws nrog lus paj ntoo nyob hauv peb lub tsev, uas yog qhov tseeb pelargonium. Kev tsis sib xws hauv lub npe pelargonium tau pib li ntawm ib nrab xyoo 18th (xyoo 1738), thaum nyob hauv Holland tus kws tshaj lij botanist Johannes Burman tau hais kom cais pelargonium rau hauv ib tus kheej nyias.
Nyob rau hauv Sweden, tus kws tshawb fawb ntuj Karl Linnaeus tsim nws tus kheej qhov kev faib tawm hom thiab ua ke ob qho tib si genera rau hauv ib pawg. Qhov sib xws ntawm geranium thiab pelargonium yog pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov noob capsule. Nws muaj qhov peculiar duab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub taub hau crane thiab qhib crane nqaj.
Tseem Ceeb! Ob leeg muaj tsev neeg geranium, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hla lawv. Muaj 5 genera nyob rau hauv tsev neeg geranium, ntawm qhov uas nrov tshaj plaws yog Pelargonium, qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws Geranium. Geranium tau nrov nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Rau cov geraniums, kev nyab xeeb ntawm Northern Hemisphere yog ib txwm nyob thiab nws tsis xav tau vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no. Zus rau hauv lub vaj, zam lub ntsuas kub tsawg, tuaj yeem tawg ntawm 12 ° C.
Pom hauv tiaj nyom, hav zoov thiab hav zoov. Cov av ntawm nruab nrab txoj kab nruab nrab yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws. Geranium muaj ib lub paj, nyob rau hauv uas muaj 5 nplaim paj, tsawg dua 8. Cov nplaim paj ntawm tib yam, qhov loj me, xim tau npaj tusyees, hauv txoj kev ua kom yog. 10 stamens, tag nrho nrog anthers.
Cov xim nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog xiav-xiav thiab liab; kev yug me nyuam: dawb, daj ntseg liab, liab. Cov xoo caws pliav yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Pelargonium yog ib txwm nyob rau South Africa thiab nws yog ib txwm nyob rau lub tshav pob scorching thiab huab cua sab qab teb txias. Yog li no, pelargonium yog qhov ntau ntawm kev kho mob ntoo, thermophilic.
Nws tau hais meej zoo nkauj thaj chaw thiab lus paj tsis tau. Tsis zam lub caij ntuj no nyob hauv av qhib, rhiab rau huab cua txias. Paj yog sau nyob rau hauv loj umbellate inflorescences. Cov nplaim paj muaj nyob rau asymmetrically, ob lub siab tshaj yog cais. Muaj 7 stamens, tas yog underdeveloped. Xim: dawb, daj ntseg liab, xim liab. Ob-xim ntau hom tau bred, nyob rau hauv uas tej nplaim nrog qhov sib piv thiab cov cwj nrag (duab ci).
Yees duab: dab tsi txawv
Hauv cov duab no, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv ntawm geranium thiab pelargonium:
Npaum li cas yog hom thiab ntau hom ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov: npe thiab lus piav qhia
Saib seb geraniums yog hom:
| Geranium hom | Kev piav qhia | Ntau yam |
| Hav Zoov | Bushy perennial nroj tsuag mus txog 80 cm hauv qhov siab. Nplooj yog coarsely toothed, xya-qhov-faib. Ntau cov paj qhib dav. | Birch lilac, Mayflower, Wannerii |
| Meadow | Lub teeb paj dawb nrog cov nplaim paj. Nplooj yog ntseeg tau dissected, palmate. Ob peb cag siab. | Flore pleno, Lub caij ntuj sov skys, Dub kev zoo nkauj |
| Hav iav | Siab. Perennial, tsib-tshooj nplooj, ob lub loj peduncles per inflorescence. Xav tau hnub ci, qhov chaw ntxooj (qhov dej ntawm lub cev dej) | Palustre |
| Himalayan (vaj, loj-paj) | Cov ntawv ua qhov tsis tshua muaj lub cev ntev li ntawm 40-50 cm. Cov kab ncig hla mus txog 10 cm, tsis ncaj ncaj dissected rau hauv tsib lobes. Paj loj. | Gravetye, Plenum, Derrick Ua Noj |
| Ntshav liab | Lub kheej kheej ntxhw. Knes fleshy rhizome. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, qee cov nplooj tig crimson-liab, qee qhov nyob twj ywm ntsuab thoob plaws hauv lub caij ntuj no. | Striatum, Lancastriense, Prostratum |
| Renard (grey, nyom) | Perennial nrog 1-2 stems 20-25 cm siab. Txiv ntseej ntsuab nplooj (6-9 cm) yog tsib-cais mus rau ib nrab. Muaj nplaim daj nrog qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov leeg ntshav. | Zetterlund, Philip Vapelle |
| Gorgeous (lush) | Ib qho txuas ntawm Georgian thiab tiaj tiaj nplooj-geranium. Ua cov nplooj qhov ntoo siab 50-60 cm Siab ua ke cov nplooj raws ntug. | Mjwj. Kendall Clark, Rosemoore, Sib Zog Schatten |
| Roberta | Txhua xyoo nroj tsuag 20-30 cm siab. Lub teeb ntsuab, ntseeg tau faib nplooj. Tshaj dav me me (2 cm) paj paj ntawm cov kav ntev. | Robertianum |
| Loj-rhizome (Balkan) | Ib qho tuab me me (1.5 cm hauv txoj kab uas hla) ceg ntoo raws hauv av. Nws tseem hluas dua, ua ib lub shrub txog 30 cm siab.Qhov ntsuab ntsuab loj (6-10 cm) nplooj. Kev sib sib zog nqus tau, elongated-npawv. | Spessart, Ingwersen Ntau Yam, Ingwersen, Czakor, Variegata |
| Liab-xim av. | Ntxoov-zam, thaj-zoo li ntoo (70-80 cm hauv qhov siab). Cov nplooj yog glaucous, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nrog cov qauv paj yeeb. Paj yog me me (2 cm) maub liab doog hauv cov xim. | Samabor, Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, |
| Tshauv (txho, txho). | Tsawg (10-15 cm) hav txwv yeem nrog grey-ntsuab npawv nplooj nrog 5-7 lobes. Paj daj nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov leeg thiab tsaus muag hauv plawv. | Ballerina, Purpureum, Splendens |
| Georgian. | Loj hlob hauv subalpine meadows. Nws cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj perennial Bush 60-80 cm siab.Qhov nplooj yog npawv, cov nplaim yog wedge-puab. | Ibericum, Jonsons Xiav |
| Armenian (me-grained, dub muag). | Nws tsim tau ib daim duab loj loj txog li 60 cm siab. Ci xim crimson paj nrog qhov muag yuav luag dub. | Patricia |
| Ca-petalled. | Ib qhov siab tshaj ntawm tsob ntoo 60-70 cm hauv lub cheeb ncav 100 cm. Cov nplaim paj yog dav, wedge-puab. | Platypetalum |
| Endris | Perennial Bush ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab (40-50 cm). Cov nplooj ntsuab ntsuab dub. Cov paj me me (3-3.5 cm) paj | Betty Catchpole, Tus Saib Qhov Muag |
Ntsib hom pelargonium:
| Pelargonium hom | Kev piav qhia | Ntau yam |
| Zonal | Ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv, ib txoj hlua hle, uas faib cov phaj ua ob daim ntawv sib txawv. Stamp cov ntawv nce mus txog 1.5 m, ntsias mus txog 20 cm Cov paj: ob npaug, ib nrab ob npaug, yooj yim, lub hnub qub zoo li qub, cactus. | Niam Pollock, Tus Zoo Siab Xav, Toscana |
| Ivy (lub qog) | Ampel nroj tsuag. Nplooj yog ntom, tsaus ntsuab, ci, qee zaum muaj ciam ciam nyob ib ncig ntawm cov npoo. Cov inflorescences sau rau hauv txhuam. Paj yog ob npaug, ib nrab ob npaug, yooj yim. | Amethyst, Cascade paj yeeb, Tornado Fuchsia |
| Cov tshuaj tsw qab (tshuaj ntsuab). | Nplooj nrog aromas: sawv, mint, txiv qaub, txiv kab ntxwv, kua, nutmeg, qhiav, cinnamon, apricot, verbena. Nplooj yog qhov tob txiav lossis nrog ib daim ntom ntom ncig ncig ntug. Tsaus-zoo li inflorescences. Xim ntawm cov paj: dawb, liab, liab, liab doog. Bush 90 cm siab thiab siab dua. | Mebel grey, Islington pepermint, Cov khaub noom ua yeeb yam |
| Noob nom noob tswv (loj-ntws, Lus Askiv). | Cov paj yog loj, corrugated. Txog li 5 cm inch. Cov nplooj yog me me nrog toothed npoo, pubescent. Bush txog 60 cm siab. Capricious hauv kev saib xyuas. Xim: dawb, salmon, lilac, burgundy, liab. | Cherie, Hazel Heather, Khoom qab zib paj bicolor |
| Sib xyaws (cov tim tswv, violaceous). | Lawv zoo li pansies. Hla kev loj-pa nrog curly tsw. Lawv tawg paj ntev, cov nplooj tsw zoo, muaj tus ntxhiab. | Lara Susan, Khoom qab zib paj daj tsaus nti, Angel lub qhov muag txiv kab ntxwv |
| Dej siab | Lub qia muaj peev xwm ntawm wriggling, yog li hom no feem ntau siv rau bonsai. | Schizopetalum, Gibbosum Maroon, Auritum carneum |
| Txawv | Dissected nplooj nrog tsis tshua muaj aroma. Cov paj zoo li cov tsiaj muaj koob muaj npe, tab sis nyias me. Siab siab cog. | Paton qhov tshwj xeeb |
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, geranium thiab pelargonium tsis yog qhov qub. Lawv yooj yim heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov paj thiab cov inflorescences zoo sib xws. Cov xwm txheej loj uas lawv xav tau yog txawv kiag li, vim geranium yog los ntawm Qaum Qaum Teb, thiab pelargonium yog ib qho chaw muaj teb ntau dua. Geranium yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim kho av thiab lub vaj, thaum pelargonium zoo rau chav, balconies thiab verandas lub caij ntuj sov.