Kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov lus qhia rau kev saib xyuas rau kev siv tshuaj ntsuab xyoo
Primrose, los ntawm Latin Primus (thawj), tseem hu ua Primrose, txij li thaum lawv tawg ntawm cov paj ntoo thawj zaug thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, txawm tias lub ntuj tseem tsis tau yaj tag.
Lawv loj hlob nyob rau sab Asia, Western Suav Teb thiab Himalayas (300 hom), seem hauv Tebchaws Europe, Russia, Transcaucasia (33 hom). Txheem thaj chaw ntub dej, tab sis nrog thaj av teeb: meadows, ntug dej ntawm cov dej pov tseg, tiaj thiab roob hav. Nyeem txog cov hom paj no zoo nkauj, nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev siv hauv kab lus.
Cov hom thiab piav qhia
XAUS: Feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog ntev ntev hom tsiaj qis, tsis tshua muaj qhov xyoob thiab xyoob ntoo txhua xyoo. Paj yog ib leeg los yog sau hauv pyramidal, kheej kheej, lub ncoo, tiered (candelabra), carpal (cov duab lub tswb) thiab cov inflorescences umbellate.
- Lub ncoo... Paj ntawm cov hom no yog cov nyob ib leeg ntawm peduncles luv luv, me ntsis siab dua lub ncoo ntawm nplooj.
- Umbellate... Paj yog sau nyob rau hauv ib leeg-ib tog lossis puag ncig lub kaus mom ntawm ib lub peduncle.
- Siv lub peev xwm (kheej kheej)... Daj capitate inflorescences.
- Ntev (candelabra)... Inflorescences nyob rau hauv ntau theem.
- Tswb-puab... Inflorescences ntawm drooping lossis dai paj.
Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm Royal Society of Gardeners ntawm Great Britain, muaj 3 lub vaj pawg ntawm primroses:
- Candelabra (ua ke).
- Auricula (auricular). Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv tau muab faib ua alpine (sab nraum zoov), ciam teb (lub txaj paj), tso rau neeg pom (potted).
- Primrose-polyanthus.
Hauv qab no yog cov kab ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov lus piav qhia.
| Primrose hom | Kev piav qhia | Keeb Kwm |
| Pob ntseg (dais lub pob ntseg, auricula) | Luv thiab tuab spatulate bluish pubescent nplooj. Cov duab ntawm nplooj yog ovoid, qia yog 520 cm ntev. Thaum xaus muaj 6-7 daj, dawb, violet lossis paj paj. | Nyob rau toj siab ntawm Central Europe, hauv Western Alps |
| Obkonika (rov ua conical) | Zaws cog nrog paj loj. Lub paj yog daj lilac nrog lub qhov muag daj thiab daim ntawv umbellate inflorescences. | Tsiaj qus Hauv Suav Teb |
| Kev mob-mob hniav (mob hniav) | Mus txog 30 cm ntev thiab hauv lub taub. Cov nplooj yog dav, oblong-oval, 20-40 cm ntev, serrated nyob rau ntawm sawv, wrinkled. Paj (1.5 cm) ntshav, lilac, qee zaum liab, dawb. | Roob ntawm Southeast Asia, Himalayas, Tuam Tshoj thiab Indochina |
| Stemless (zoo tib yam) | Paj ntawm cov ceg luv luv 6-10 cm, nplooj ntsuab ntsuab, txaij, serrated ntawm sawv. Cov duab ntawm nplooj yog oblong-oval, lanceolate, 5-25 cm ntev thiab 2-4 cm dav. Cov paj yog ib, lub teeb daj los yog dawb nrog lub qog daj qog. | Carpathians, Transcaucasia, Western Tebchaws Europe, Algeria, Middle East |
| Terry Rosanna | Txheej txheem tawv tawv nplooj nrog cov leeg ntshav khov. Cov paj loj loj (3-4 cm), pinkish. Qhov siab 10-15 cm. Thaum ntxov cog ntoo. | Central Tebchaws Europe, Carpathians |
| Hmo ntuj (yav tsaus ntuj) | Biennial medicinal cog 50 cm siab, elongated-lanceolate nplooj 25 cm ntev. Paj yog daj ib leeg. | Qaum Teb Asmeskas |
| Vialya (orchid) | Candelabra ntau-saib pom nrog lub tswm ciab-puab liab doog inflorescences. | Himalayas, Tibet, Western Suav Teb |
| Candelabra | Perennial mus txog 60 cm siab thiab dav. Cov nplooj loj txog 22 cm ntev. Me me (txog 2 cm) paj daj-txiv kab ntxwv lossis paj liab-xim tau sau hauv inflorescences ntawm 8-16 daim. | Los ntawm cov huab cua noo ntawm thaj av ntawm Tuam Tshoj |
| Siebold | 30 cm siab, 45 cm dav. Cov nplooj 20 cm. Cov paj los ntawm lilac-purple rau yuav luag dawb tau sau hauv umbellate inflorescences ntawm 15 pcs. Tom qab tawg, cov nplooj tuag tawm. | Nyivpooj |
| Polyanthus (ntau-ດອກ, Victorian) | Biennials. 20-30 cm siab.Qhov loj paj tau sau hauv inflorescences ntawm 5-15 pieces, ob-xim nrog lub qhov muag ci. | Transcaucasia, Ural, Iran |
| Japanese | Qhov siab thiab qhov dav li ntawm 45 cm, tawm mus txog 25 cm. Cov paj me me (2 cm) los ntawm xim liab-liab mus rau dawb, sau hauv 5-25 pieces hauv 1-6 curls. | Los ntawm cov huab cua noo ntawm Nyiv |
| Paj yeeb | Kev txiav cov ntoo khaub thuas perennial. Qhov siab thiab dav 20 cm, tawm mus txog 20 cm, paj (2.5 cm) liab-liab nrog lub qhov muag daj tau sau rau hauv inflorescences ntawm 4-12 daim. | Afghanistan, Nepal |
| Cortex | Qhov siab thiab qhov dav 20-30 cm, tawm 9 cm Cov paj ntoo (2 cm) muaj txiaj ntsig, lub tswb nrov, lub ntsej muag-liab dawb, paj yeeb, liab-violet, yog sau hauv inflorescences ntawm 15 daim. | Los ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia thiab Europe, hauv gorges uas muaj duab ntxoo, raws ntws thiab dej ntws. |
| Danessa | Xa mus rau hom tsis muaj hom. Cov paj loj tau sau nyob rau hauv qhov ntom ntom ntoo uas tuab heev. Cov nplooj yog puag ncig-elongated. | Western thiab Central Europe, Carpathians |
| Mealy (txaij) | Ntawm cov nplooj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qab, muaj ib qho muaj nplua mias dawb tawg paj. Nroj qhov siab 15-20 cm, spatulate-lanceolate nplooj txog li 8 cm ntev, dentate nyob rau ntawm sawv. Paj (1 cm) yog ci lossis tsaus lilac nrog lub qhov muag daj, sau hauv inflorescences. | Asia |
| Loj-loj (loj-khob) | 15-35 siab, cov nplooj yog tsis ntev pubescent, oblong-ovate nrog implicitly pronounced denticles. Qhov ntev ntawm nplooj yog txog li 15 cm, qhov dav yog 2-6 cm. Lub tswb zoo li cov paj muaj lub ntsej muag daj nrog lub txiv kab ntxwv chaw, sau nyob rau hauv 6-20 pieces rau inflorescence, uas yog inclined rau ib sab. | Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia, Transcaucasia, Qaum Teb Iran |
| Bissa | Perennial txog li 60 cm siab thiab dav.Qhov me me (txog 2 cm) paj yeeb dawb lossis paj liab-xim tau sau rau hauv inflorescences ntawm 8-16 daim. | Suav teb |
| Tsheb Nrau | Nws zoo li Byssa primrose, hom ntev ntev, qhov siab thiab dav 60 cm, tawm mus txog 30 cm. Paj los ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv rau txiv kab ntxwv, 5 daim hauv 5-7 curls. | Los ntawm cov cheeb tsam roob hauv Suav |
| Plaub | Evergreen primrose txog li 10 cm siab, 25 cm dav, tawm 8 cm Paj (1.5-2.5 cm) mauve nrog lub qhov muag dawb tau sau hauv umbellate inflorescences ntawm 10-15 pieces. | Pyrenees, Alps |
| Florinda | Looj Hej Lub rosette primrose. 120 cm siab, 90 cm dav, yoojyim 45 cm Cov tubular lub cev, cov paj daj tau sau hauv drooping inflorescences. | Hmoob Tebchaws Southeast Tibet |
| Siab | Qhov siab 10-40 cm, wrinkled kheej li lub qw nplooj 10-15 cm ntev, 2-6 cm thoob plaws, pubescent. Lub teeb daj paj (9-15 hli) tau sau hauv umbellate inflorescences ntawm 10-30 daim. | Qaum Teb Europe, Carpathians, Transcaucasia, sab qab teb Siberia |
Tus yees duab
Saib hauv daim duab ntawm pob ntseg pob ntseg.
Thiab ntawm no yog daim duab ntawm Japanese primrose.
Qhov no yog dab tsi spherical primrose ntau zoo li hauv daim duab.
Tom ntej no cov duab ntawm obkonik primrose.
Daim duab no qhia txog yav tsaus ntuj.
Tom ntej no yog daim duab ntawm lub nplua-toothed primrose.
Thiab tseem saib ntawm lub yees duab ntawm terry primrose.
Hauv qab no yog duab ntawm lub primrose dawb.
Tseem ceeb thaj chaw ntawm perennial
Primrose zaub ntsuab muaj cov tshuaj ascorbic acid, carotene thiab cov roj tseem ceeb. Lawv cov nplooj yog ntxiv rau kua zaub thiab ua rau hauv zaub xam lav. Cov cag thiab cov txiv doog qhuav muab ntxiv rau cov nqaij ci. Kev lom zem los ntawm nplooj thiab infusions los ntawm rhizomes yog siv hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem:
- Cia siab tias yuav kho cov kab mob ntawm cov mob ua pa sab saud.
- Kev muab tshuaj rau mob mob pob txha.
- Diuretic rau lub raum mob.
- Rau mob taub hau, neuroses thiab insomnia.
- Rau resorption ntawm bruises, hematomas.
Piv txwv li, ib qho dej ntawm cov tshuaj pleev xim primrose yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj neeg rau cov tawv nqaij thiab txhim kho cov plaub hau kev loj hlob. Cortex yog siv raws li kev cia siab thiab mob mob kom rov zoo tuaj. Kev dai kom zoo ntawm hom no pab tau nrog tus mob vwm, lag ntseg thiab tsis nco qab. Lub rhizome ntawm loj-khob primrose yog siv raws li kev cia siab, thiab vitamin C tau los ntawm paj thiab nplooj.
Daim ntawv thov rau kev txiav, paj txaj, lub paj txaj
TSWV YIM: Primrose ua cov ntoo npog hauv av yuav txig rau hauv cov paj txaj sib xyaw (cov khoom sib xyaw) ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog ntev. Nws cov lush ntau yuav zoo rau hauv kev curbs.
Auricles (pob ntseg-pob ntseg) nrog cov nplooj pubescent yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj xim, zoo meej rau alpine swb thiab pob zeb pob zeb, sawv vaj. Cov hom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj ntau yam uas muaj ntau koj tuaj yeem tsim tag nrho mono-vaj teb tsuas yog los ntawm primroses - primularia.
Kev nplua-txhuam hniav yog siv dav hauv cov vaj thiab chaw ua si raws li kev cog ntoo, hauv cov paj ntoo, alpine swb, hauv cov pab pawg ntawm cov nyom. Primrose hybrids yog qhov zoo rau potted cov qoob loo.
High primrose ntau yam yog txiav. Hmoov nplej yog qhov txawv txav thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis luv luv, lawv tau los ua biennials. Lawv cog raws cov dej hauv lub cev, cov kwj deg, ntawm cov chaw me me uas muaj pob zeb daj thiab pob zeb pob zeb (cov paj zoo nkauj zoo saib tom qab ntawm cov pob zeb thiab pob zeb).
Lub khob loj-thaij duab thiab pom hauv thaj chaw qhuav roob thiab tiaj nyom tiaj nyom... Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txiav, kev mob siab, kev dai kom zoo nkauj, kev yuam.
Sowing noob
Thaum loj hlob primrose los ntawm noob, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom cog lub paj tsis yog tam sim ntawd rau hauv av, tab sis nrog cov noob cog rau hauv tsev cog khoom. Sowing ntawm cov noob yuav tsum pib tsis pub dhau Lub Ob Hlis, txij li lub primrose siv sijhawm ntev los cog, hlob qeeb, thiab cov noob xav tau yuav tsum tau stratification (kev kho mob txias) txawm tias ua ntej tseb.
Stratification kav 10-25 hnub nyob rau ntawm qis tab sis zoo kub (tub yees, lawj, hauv qab daus). Kev cog noob yuav siv mus txog thaum pom cov yub pib tawm hauv 25-30 hnub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 12-18 ° С.
Tom qab cov tsos ntawm thawj 2-3 nplooj, cov yub laum thiab tau hloov mus rau lwm lub lauj kaub. Hauv kev qhib hauv av, cov matured tua raug cog tom qab qhov pib ntawm lub tshav kub ruaj khov. Nws raug nquahu kom cog cov nroj tsuag varietal hauv xyoo ob ntawm lub neej nyob rau thaum xaus lub Tsib Hlis.
Peb tau tham txog qhov peculiarities ntawm cog primroses nyob hauv tsev thiab hauv vaj, nrog rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev cog qoob loo hauv kab lus no.
Tu hauv vaj
Primula nkag siab zoo rau cov xwm txheej ntawm lub txim kaw, teb nrog lub suab ntau ntawm cov paj, loj loj, muaj ntau thiab ntev ntawm kev ua paj. Hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov thiab txog rau thaum xaus lub caij ntuj sov, cov nroj tsuag tau pub nrog cov organic chiv, humus.
Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrogen ntau, txwv tsis pub ntoo yuav loj hlob tuaj, thiab koj yuav tsis tos paj. Muab dej siab tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm tawg (Tsib Hlis txog Lub Rau Hli). Cov av yuav tsum noo thiab xoob, tsis txhob hnov qab kom plam nws tom qab ywg dej.
Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm so (Lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli), lawv tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias lub ntiaj teb tsis qhuav. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli, primrose pib rov pib dua thiab xav tau dej. Tom qab tawg, cov nplooj elongate.
Thaum npaj primrose rau lub caij ntuj no, nroj tsuag varietal, raws li tsis tshua muaj kev tawm tsam thiab ntau yam xav tau, tau them nrog cov quav thiab nphoo nrog cov khoom noj qhuav ntawm tsob ntoo. Tawm hauv nplooj rau lub caij ntuj no los tiv thaiv lawv ntawm qhov txias, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov nplooj ntoo overwintered tuaj yeem txiav tawm. Yog li, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob primroses:
- Lawv nyiam qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ib nrab.
- Zoo-drained, humus-nplua nuj av.
- Drought-resistant.
- Lawv xav tau cov kev faib ua ntu zus ntawm Bush thiab hloov pauv.
- Qaug dej hauv cov dej hauv av nrog kev sib xyaw nrog hypothermia yog qhov tsis zoo.
Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau kev saib xyuas primrose tom tsev thiab hauv vaj nyob ntawm no.
Paj hloov
Txoj kev hloov ntshav yog tsim nyog nyob rau txhua txhua 3-4 xyoos, thiab rau ob zaug sib txawv txhua ob xyoos. Lawv tsis zam qhov chaw qhib ntawm lawv tus kheej, thaum hloov mus, nco ntsoov tias cov ntoo nplooj ntawm cov chaw nyob sib ze yuav tsum tau kov, cov cog yuav tsum raug kaw. Cov tsiaj me yog cog ntawm qhov deb ntawm 15-20 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam, cov nroj tsuag loj yog 20-30 cm.
Primrose hlob zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm vaj tsob ntoo thiab ntoo, tsis txhob mus ncaj qha hnub ci.... Muaj qhov zam tau tsuas yog hom tsiaj alpine. Nws nyiam lub teeb noo-nqus cov av nrog permeability zoo, nyob rau hauv cov dej yuav tsis stagnate.
TSEEM CEEB: Yog hais tias cov av hnyav, piv txwv li clayey, ntxiv cov xuab zeb ntxiv, humus, nplooj lwg thiab sphagnum Moss (lossis peat). Qhov nruab nrab hauv av yog qhov zoo dua.
Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog kev hloov pauv thiab cog ntoo primroses thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv peb cov khoom.
Luam
Primula nthuav tawm los ntawm noob, hav zoov faib thiab nplooj tsawb.
Thaum faib los ntawm tua nyob rau hauv lig Lub yim hli ntuj los sis thaum ntxov Cuaj hlis, ib tug niam txiv (uterine) nroj yog npaum li cas nyob rau ntawm 4-5 xyoos ntawm lub hnub nyoog.
Nws yog watered nplua nuj, khawb tawm hauv av thiab shaken tawm hauv paus. Lawv faib cov hauv paus hniav mus rau ntau qhov chaw nrog rab riam ntse, nphoo cov ntu nrog cov pa roj carbon lossis cov hmoov tshauv thiab muab cog rau thaj av tshiab
Yog tias cov nroj tsuag muaj tsuas muaj ib lub qhov hluav taws xob, koj tuaj yeem tawm nws nrog axillary tua.... Ib daim nplooj primrose nrog lub petiole thiab lub paj tau sib cais los ntawm cov niam txiv cog, nplooj nplooj yog txiav hauv ib nrab thiab hloov mus rau hauv npaj tau zoo, muaj pes tsawg av noo thiab xoob av.
Tus stalk yog tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm 16-18 ° C hauv qhov chaw kaj, tab sis tsis muaj hnub ci ncaj qha. Thaum tua nrog 3-4 nplooj tshwm los ntawm lub cos, lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov laujkaub cais thiab cog rau hauv av qhib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Hais tawm los ntawm cov noob yog qhov siv zog, kev kho mob ua ntej txias yuav tsum tau ua (stratification) tsis pub dhau 3-4 lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd cov noob tau tawm rau 30 hnub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 12-18 ° C.
Tom qab thawj nplooj pom, cov hlav tau dhia thiab cog rau hauv cov laujkaub kom loj hlob muaj cov noob muaj zog (kom paub ntau ntxiv txog kev yuav ua li cas thiab thaum cog primrose, nrog rau cog thiab nthuav paj, nyeem ntawm no). Hauv av qhib, yub cog rau xyoo tom ntej.
Primrose yuav yog txoj kev cawm seej tiag tiag rau koj lub vaj yog tias nws tsis khav theeb tsam tshav ntuj. Cov hom ntawm no primrose yog cov yeeb yuj thiab ntau yam uas koj tuaj yeem tsim mono-vaj, suav nrog tsuas yog cov paj no - primoires.
Saib cov vis dis aus hais txog cov hom primrose, loj hlob, luam thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig: